Sensory neuron diversity is required for organisms to decipher complex environmental cues. In Drosophila, olfactory environment is detected by 50 different olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) classes that are clustered in combinations within distinct sensilla subtypes. Each sensilla subtype houses stereotypically clustered 1-4 ORN identities that arise through asymmetric divisions from a single multipotent sensory organ precursor (SOP). How each class of SOPs acquires a unique differentiation potential that accounts for ORN diversity is unknown. Previously, we reported a critical component of SOP diversification program, Rotund (Rn), which functions to increase ORN diversity by generating novel developmental trajectories from existing precursors within each independent sensilla type lineages. Here, we show that Rn, along with BarH1/H2, Bric-Ã -brac (Bab), Apterous (Ap) and Dachshund (Dac), constitute a functionally conserved transcription factor (TF) network, previously shown to pattern the segmentation of the leg, that patterns the developing olfactory tissue. Precursors with diverse ORN differentiation potentials are selected from concentric rings defined by unique combinations of these TFs along the proximodistal axis of the developing antennal disc. The combinatorial code that demarcates each precursor field is set up by cross-regulatory interactions among different factors within the network. Modifications of this network lead to predictable changes in the diversity of sensilla subtypes and ORN pools. In light of our data, we propose a molecular map that defines Overall design: Time-course RNAseq across 4 developmental stages, inlcuding flies mutant for rotund gene (rn), heterozygotes and wildtype
Comparative analysis of behavioral and transcriptional variation underlying CO<sub>2</sub> sensory neuron function and development in Drosophila.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesWe undertook a survey of gene expression changes in primary microglial cultures with and without neurovirulent (FrCasE) and non-neurovirulent (Fr57E) virus infection to identify physiological changes that could be relevant to the induction of spongiform neurodegeneration. These gene expression analyses were performed using Affymetrix 430A mouse GeneChips (5 chips for each of the three experimental conditions, representing over 14,000 murine genes and ESTs. RNA from 5 separate microglial culture preparations were analyzed for Control (mock infected), Fr57E-, and FrCasE-infected microglia. Present/absent calls were based on MicroArray Suite 5.0 from Affymetrix. Affymetrix CEL files were analyzed using dChip software after normalization of the data between all 15 arrays. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA.
Gene expression profiling of microglia infected by a highly neurovirulent murine leukemia virus: implications for neuropathogenesis.
Specimen part
View SamplesMutant embryos lacking maternal and zygotic HOW exhibit defects in mesoderm development. How is an RNA binding protein that regulates the levels of mRNAs by controling RNA metabolism.
Post-transcriptional repression of the Drosophila midkine and pleiotrophin homolog miple by HOW is essential for correct mesoderm spreading.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesMLL-fusion proteins are potent inducers of cancer in hematopoietic cells, where they are known to cause changes in global gene expression. How MLL-fusion proteins interact with the genome has not been established, so we have limited understanding of the pathway by which these proteins generate aberrant gene expression programs. Here we describe how the MLL-AF4 protein occupies the genome in human leukemia cells and its striking effects on chromatin states. We find that the MLL-AF4 fusion protein selectively occupies regions of the genome that contain developmental regulatory genes important for hematopoietic stem cell identity and self-renewal. These MLL-AF4 bound regions have grossly altered chromatin structure, with histone modifications catalyzed by Trithorax Group (TrxG) proteins and Dot1 extending across unusually large domains. This indicates that a key feature of MLL-associated leukemogenesis is aberrant targeting of chromatin modifiers to regions of the genome controlling hematopoietic development. Our results define the direct targets of the MLL-fusion protein, reveal the global role of epigenetic misregulation in leukemia, and identify new targets for therapeutic intervention in human cancer.
Aberrant chromatin at genes encoding stem cell regulators in human mixed-lineage leukemia.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesRBP2 is downstream of pRB pathway
Genome-wide analysis of the H3K4 histone demethylase RBP2 reveals a transcriptional program controlling differentiation.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe present a microarray analysis of primary mouse astrocytes exposed to HIV-1 in culture. Results are compared with previous genomic studies of HIV-1 effect in human astrocytes and human and macaque brains.
Gene expression profiles of HIV-1-infected glia and brain: toward better understanding of the role of astrocytes in HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesBy using high-density DNA microarrays, we analyzed the gene-expression profile in a panel of germ cell tumour cell lines
Differentiation-Dependent Regulation of Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Sequences and Neighboring Genes in Germ Cell Tumor Cells.
Specimen part, Cell line
View SamplesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric condition of children with a prevalence of 5-10% worldwide. Up to 30% of adults with a history of childhood ADHD maintain symptoms in later life; these adult ADHD patients are severely impaired in social and professional life due to persistence of ADHD core symptoms like impulsivity, attention deficit and hyperactivity as well as frequently observed co-morbidities like alcohol and drug abuse, major depression, bipolar and personality disorders.
A preliminary study on methylphenidate-regulated gene expression in lymphoblastoid cells of ADHD patients.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesMycobacteria infect macrophages that aggregate with additional macrophages and lymphocytes to form granulomas. We have used a functional genomics approach to identify immune response genes expressed during granuloma formation in Mycobacterium marinum-infected transparent zebrafish larvae where individual infection steps can be viewed in real time. We assessed RNA expression profiles from zebrafish larvae that were either infected with Mycobacterium marinum, mock-infected, or uninfected. Zebrafish infections were performed at 1 day post-fertilization (dpf), and samples were derived from pools of 6dpf zebrafish larvae.
Tuberculous granuloma induction via interaction of a bacterial secreted protein with host epithelium.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesCancer resistance is a major cause for longevity of the naked mole-rat. Recent liver transcriptome analysis in this animal compared to wild-derived mice revealed higher expression of alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M) and cell adhesion molecules, which contribute to the naked mole-rat's cancer resistance. Notably, A2M is known to dramatically decrease with age in humans. We hypothesize that this might facilitate tumour development. Here we found that A2M modulates tumour cell adhesion, migration and growth by inhibition of tumour promoting signalling pathways, e.g. PI3K / AKT, SMAD and up-regulated PTEN via down-regulation of miR-21, in vitro and in tumour xenografts. A2M increases the expression of CD29 and CD44 but did not evoke EMT. Transcriptome analysis of A2M-treated tumour cells, xenografts and mouse liver demonstrated a multifaceted regulation of tumour promoting signalling pathways indicating a less tumorigenic environment mediated by A2M. By virtue of these multiple actions the naturally occurring A2M has strong potential as a novel therapeutic agent. Overall design: 11 samples: 5 treated with PBS, 6 treated with A2M
The anti-tumorigenic activity of A2M-A lesson from the naked mole-rat.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Subject
View Samples