Endosperm is a product of double fertilization, and provides nutrients and signals to the embryo during seed development in flowering plants. Early stages of endosperm development are critical for the development of its storage capacity through synthesis and accumulation of starch and storage proteins. Here we report on the isolation and sequencing of mRNAs from the central portion of the starchy endosperm of Zea mays (maize) B73 at 6 days after pollination. We detected high correlation among the four biological replicates of RNAs isolated using laser-capture microdissection of the cell type. Because the assayed stage of development precedes the synthesis and accumulation of the major storage proteins and starch in the endosperm, our dataset likely include mRNAs for genes that are involved in control and establishment of these developmental programs. Overall design: Four replicates of mRNAs from the central portion of starchy endopserm were isolated using laser-capture microdissection and sequenced using the Illumina GAIIx platform.
RNA-Seq analysis of laser-capture microdissected cells of the developing central starchy endosperm of maize.
Age, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesEndosperm is an absorptive structure that supports embryo development or seedling germination in angiosperms. The endosperm of cereals is a main source of food, feed, and industrial raw materials worldwide. However, the gene regulatory networks that control endosperm cell differentiation remain largely unclear. As a first step toward characterizing these networks, we profiled the mRNAs in five major cell types of the differentiating endosperm and in the embryo and four maternal compartments of the kernel. Comparisons of these mRNA populations revealed the diverged gene expression programs between filial and maternal compartments, and an unexpected close correlation between embryo and the aleurone layer of endosperm. Gene co-expression network analysis identified co-expression modules associated with single or multiple kernel compartments including modules for the endosperm cell types, some of which showed enrichment of previously identified temporally activated and/or imprinted genes. Detailed analyses of a co-expression module highly correlated with the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) identified a regulatory module activated by MRP-1, a regulator of BETL differentiation and function. These results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene activity in the compartments of the maize kernel and help to uncover the regulatory modules associated with the differentiation of the major endosperm cell types. Overall design: RNAs from ten compartments of the maize kernel including the central starchy endosperm (CSE), conducting zone (CZ), aleurone (AL), basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL), embryo-surrounding region (ESR), nucellus (NU), pericarp (PE), placenta-chalazal region (PC), the vascular region of the pedicel (PED), and the embryo (EMB) were isolated at 8 days after pollination (DAP) using laser-capture microdissection and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform.
RNA sequencing of laser-capture microdissected compartments of the maize kernel identifies regulatory modules associated with endosperm cell differentiation.
Age, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesWe used microarray to characterize interferon stimulated genes in dendritic cells
Comparative analysis of anti-viral transcriptomics reveals novel effects of influenza immune antagonism.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Diversity in Compartmental Dynamics of Gene Regulatory Networks: The Immune Response in Primary Influenza A Infection in Mice.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment, Subject, Time
View SamplesTo investigate transcriptional differences between HCM and WT cells Overall design: Examination of HCM vs WT Cells, with 3 replicates of each sample
A Contraction Stress Model of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy due to Sarcomere Mutations.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage, Subject
View SamplesDown syndrome (DS) is the most frequent cause of human congenital mental retardation. Cognitive deficits in DS result from perturbations of normal cellular processes both during development and in adult tissues, but the mechanisms underlying DS etiology remain poorly understood. To assess the ability of iPSCs to model DS phenotypes, as a prototypical complex human disease, we generated bona-fide DS and wild-type (WT) non-viral iPSCs by episomal reprogramming. DS iPSCs selectively overexpressed chromosome 21 genes, consistent with gene dosage, which was associated with deregulation of thousands of genes throughout the genome. DS and WT iPSCs were neurally converted at >95% efficiency, and had remarkably similar lineage potency, differentiation kinetics, proliferation and axon extension at early time points. However, at later time points DS cultures showed a two-fold bias towards glial lineages.
Integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells model genetic and neural developmental features of down syndrome etiology.
Sex, Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage, Cell line
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Human Dendritic Cell Response Signatures Distinguish 1918, Pandemic, and Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Viruses.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesAn 8 hours timecourse was performed with human DCs infected either with A/California/7/2009 and A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 (pandemic) or A/New Caledonia/20/99 and A/Texas/36/91 seosonal.
Human Dendritic Cell Response Signatures Distinguish 1918, Pandemic, and Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Viruses.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesAn 8 hours timecourse was performed with human DCs infected either with A/California/7/2009 and A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 (pandemic) or A/New Caledonia/20/99 and A/Texas/36/91 seosonal.
Human Dendritic Cell Response Signatures Distinguish 1918, Pandemic, and Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Viruses.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesPatients with oncogene driven tumors are currently treated with targeted therapeutics such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. The inhibited oncogenic pathway often interacts with other signaling pathways and alters predicted therapeutic response. Genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) demonstrates pervasive molecular alterations to EGFR, MAPK, and PI3K signaling in previously untreated tumors. Therefore, this study uses bioinformatics algorithms to infer the complex pathway interactions that result from EGFR inhibitor use in cancer cells that contain these these common EGFR network genetic alterations. To do this, we modified the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line model of premalignancy to simulate cancer cells with constitutive activation of EGFR, HRAS, and PI3K in a controlled genetic background. We then measured gene expression after treating modified HaCaT cells with three EGFR targeted agents (gefitinib, afatinib, and cetuximab) for 24 hours.
CoGAPS matrix factorization algorithm identifies transcriptional changes in AP-2alpha target genes in feedback from therapeutic inhibition of the EGFR network.
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples