Processing of Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) mRNA is a paradigm for competition between splicing and polyadenylation. In plasma cells pre-mRNA is polyadenylated mainly at the promoter-proximal secretory site while B-cells utilize a cryptic 5 splice site in the last secretory-specific exon; these are mutually exclusive events for all IgH pre-mRNAs. Transcription elongation factor ELL2, more abundant in plasma cells relative to B-cells, was down-modulated by overexpression of heterogenous ribonucleoprotein F, a condition which reduced production of secretory IgH mRNA. Transfection of B-cells with ELL2 and the IgH reporter showed an accelerated use of the secretory poly(A) site, positioned in competition with the splice to M1; a small interfering RNA to ELL2 reduced expression of IgH secretory mRNA. Co-transcription factors ELL1 and PC4 were ineffective at driving secretory-poly(A) site use. ELL2 had little effect on poly(A) site choice with reporters containing tandem-linked poly(A) sites. Shorter forms of ELL2 protein result from both internal initiation at M186 and protein processing. An alternative splicing reporter driven by IgH or non-Ig promoters revealed that ELL2 and its M186 initiated form were able to accelerate exon skipping. Therefore, ELL2 influences IgH pre-mRNA processing through facilitating skipping of the alternative splice to the membrane form.
Transcription elongation factor ELL2 directs immunoglobulin secretion in plasma cells by stimulating altered RNA processing.
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View SamplesThis experiment was carried out in the context of a pharmacogenetic study of long-term (4-year follow-up) response to Interferon-beta treatment in two cohorts of Italian Multiple Sclerosis patients, to identify genetic variants (SNPs) that may influence response to IFN-beta. We integrated results from meta-analysis of the two cohorts with gene expression profiling of IFN stimulated PBMCs from 20 healthy controls and eQTL analyses, to look at possible enrichment of IFN-beta induced genes with genes mapped by top-ranking meta-analyzed SNPs.
Pharmacogenetic study of long-term response to interferon-β treatment in multiple sclerosis.
Sex, Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage, Subject
View SamplesHere we used microarray expression profiling to characterise global changes in gene expression during stages of proliferation and differentiation of human neural stem cells
Associations of the Intellectual Disability Gene MYT1L with Helix-Loop-Helix Gene Expression, Hippocampus Volume and Hippocampus Activation During Memory Retrieval.
Specimen part, Cell line
View SamplesWe conditionally knocked out both Yap and Taz in cranial neural crest (CNC) using the Wnt1Cre driver and sequenced mRNA from embryonic day 10.5 mandibles. Overall design: Examination of mRNA level in E10.5 mandibular tissues from control and Wnt1Cre Taz and Yap dKO mutant.
Yap and Taz play a crucial role in neural crest-derived craniofacial development.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesHuman medulloblastoma (MB) can be segregated into four major categories based on gene expression patterns: Hedgehog (HH) subtype, Wnt subtype, Group 3, and Group 4. However, they all exhibit strikingly different gene expression profiles from Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor (AT/RT). We re-analyzed published gene expression microarray dataset of pediatric brain tumors to identify a gene expression profile that clearly distinguished human AT/RT from human MB. We used this profile, choosing only genes that have clear murine orthologs, to compare tumors from Snf5F/Fp53L/LGFAP-Cre mice (in C57Bl/6 strain background) with MB from Ptc1+/- mice (in mixed C57Bl/6 and 129Sv strain background). Snf5F/Fp53L/LGFAP-Cre tumors are clearly very different from mouse MB and the markers that distinguish human AT/RT from human MB also distinguish the mouse tumors.
Generation of a mouse model of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system through combined deletion of Snf5 and p53.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
LITAF, a BCL6 target gene, regulates autophagy in mature B-cell lymphomas.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesPofut1 is an essential gene that glycosylates proteins containing EGF-like repeats, including Notch Receptors (NotchRs). Work in mice and in Drosophila has shown that O-fucosylation by Pofut1 is required for NotchR ligands to bind to and activate NotchRs. As such, Pofut1 deletion in skeletal myofibers allows for an analysis of potential functions and molecular changes of Pofut1 in skeletal muscle that derive from its expression in skeletal myofibers. In this study we compared gene expression profiles between quadriceps muscles in mice where Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1) was deleted specifically in skeletal myofibers via use of a human skeletal alpha actin Cre transgene (Scre) and a loxP flanked Pofut1 gene (SCreFF) and mice which bore the only the Scre transgene but did not have floxed Pofut1 alleles (SCre++).
Deletion of <i>Pofut1</i> in Mouse Skeletal Myofibers Induces Muscle Aging-Related Phenotypes in <i>cis</i> and in <i>trans</i>.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
DIDO as a Switchboard that Regulates Self-Renewal and Differentiation in Embryonic Stem Cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesTransition from symmetric to asymmetric cell division requires precise coordination of differential gene expression. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) strongly express Dido3, whose C-terminal truncation impedes ESC differentiation while retaining self-renewal. We show that Dido3 binds to its gene locus via H3K4me3 and RNA pol II and, at differentiation onset, induces expression of its splice variant Dido1, which then leads to Dido3 degradation and downregulation of stemness genes. We propose that Dido isoforms act as a switchboard to regulate genetic programs for ESC transition from pluripotency maintenance to promotion of differentiation.
DIDO as a Switchboard that Regulates Self-Renewal and Differentiation in Embryonic Stem Cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesThe chromosomal translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) leading to cyclin-D1 over-expression plays an essential role in the development of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an aggressive tumor that remains incurable with current therapies. Cyclin-D1 has been postulated as an effective therapeutic target, but its evaluation has been hampered by our incomplete understanding of its oncogenic functions and by the lack of valid MCL murine models. To address these issues, we generated a cyclin-D1-driven mouse model whereby cyclin-D1 expression can be externally regulated. These mice developed lymphomas capable of recapitulating most features of human MCL. We found that cyclin-D1 inactivation was not sufficient to induce lymphoma regression in vivo. However, using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays, we identified a novel pro-survival cyclin-D1 function in MCL cells. Specifically, we demonstrate that cyclin-D1 sequestrates the pro-apoptotic protein BAX, thereby favoring BCL2 anti-apoptotic function. Accordingly, cyclin-D1 inhibition sensitized the lymphoma cells to apoptosis through BAX release. Thus, genetic or pharmacologic targeting of cyclin-D1 combined with a pro-apoptotic BH3 mimetic synergistically killed murine lymphomas and human MCL cells. Our study identifies a novel role of cyclin-D1 in deregulating apoptosis and highlights the potential benefit of simultaneously targeting cyclin-D1 and survival pathways in patients with MCL.
A cyclin-D1 interaction with BAX underlies its oncogenic role and potential as a therapeutic target in mantle cell lymphoma.
Specimen part, Cell line
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