Cell-autonomous circadian oscillations strongly influence tissue physiology and pathophysiology of peripheral organs. Recent in vivo findings in the heart demonstrate that the circadian clock controls oscillatory gene expression programs in the adult myocardium. However, whether in vitro human embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived cardiomyocytes can establish circadian rhythmicity is unknown. Here we report that while undifferentiated human ES cells do not possess a functional clock, oscillatory expression of known core clock genes emerges during directed cardiac differentiation, with robust rhythms in day 30 cardiomyocytes. Our data reveal a stress related oscillatory network of genes that underlies a time-dependent response to doxorubicin, a frequently used anti-cancer drug with cardiotoxic side effects. These results provide a set of oscillatory genes that is relevant to functional cardiac studies and that can be deployed to uncover the potential contribution of the clock to other processes such as cardiac regeneration. Overall design: Human embryonic stem cells (ES cells) were differentiated via a directed differentiation protocol in vitro towards cardiomyocytes for a period of 30 days. Cardiomyocytes were synchronized with dexamethasone and triplicate samples for RNA extraction and sequencing were taken every 4 hours for 48 hours in total. RNA was then extracted using TRIzol, barcoded and amplified following the CEL-Seq protocol.
Circadian networks in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesWe report the application of single-molecule-based sequencing technology for high-throughput profiling of NSC transcriptome. Overall design: Wild type and Sox2-deleted NSC were sequenced; three independent samples from wild type, and three from Sox2-deleted brains (different individual mice).
Mapping the Global Chromatin Connectivity Network for Sox2 Function in Neural Stem Cell Maintenance.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesMicroarray analysis was performed on retina/RPE/choroid samples taken from the right eyes of male chicks across control and recovery from form deprivation conditions.
Pathway analysis identifies altered mitochondrial metabolism, neurotransmission, structural pathways and complement cascade in retina/RPE/ choroid in chick model of form-deprivation myopia.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment, Time
View SamplesBromodomain extraterminal protein (BETP) inhibitors transcriptionally repress oncoproteins and NFkB target genes, which undermines the growth and survival of MCL cells. However, BETi treatment causes accumulation of BETPs, associated with reversible binding and incomplete inhibition of BRD4, which potentially compromises the activity of BETi in MCL cells. Unlike BETi, BET-PROTACs (proteolysis-targeting chimera) ARV-825 and ARV-771 (Arvinas, Inc.) recruit and utilize an E3-ubiquitin ligase to effectively degrade BETPs in MCL cells. BET-PROTACs induce more apoptosis than BETi of MCL cells, including those resistant to ibrutinib. BET-PROTAC treatment induced more perturbations in the mRNA and protein expressions than BETi, with depletion of c-Myc, CDK4, cyclin D1, and the NFkB transcriptional targets Bcl-xL, XIAP and BTK, while inducing the level of HEXIM1, NOXA and CDKN1A/p21. Treatment with ARV-771, which possesses superior pharmacological properties compared to ARV-825, inhibited the in vivo growth and induced greater survival improvement than the BETi OTX015 of immune-depleted mice engrafted with MCL cells. Co-treatment of ARV-771 with ibrutinib or the BCL2-antagonist venetoclax or CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib synergistically induced apoptosis of MCL cells. These studies highlight promising and superior pre-clinical activity of BET-PROTAC than BETi, requiring further in vivo evaluation of BET-PROTAC as a therapy for ibrutinib-sensitive or resistant MCL. Overall design: Twelve samples in biologic triplicates
BET protein proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) exerts potent lethal activity against mantle cell lymphoma cells.
Subject
View SamplesOne of the key aspects of neuronal differentiation is the array of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors that each neuron possesses. One important goal of developmental neuroscience is to understand how these differentiated properties are established during development. In this paper, we use fluorescence activated cell sorting and RNA-seq to determine the transcriptome of the Drosophila CNS midline cells, which consist of a small number of well-characterized neurons and glia. These data revealed that midline cells express 9 neuropeptide precursor genes, 13 neuropeptide receptor genes, and 31 small-molecule neurotransmitter receptor genes. In situ hybridization and high-resolution confocal analyses were carried-out to determine the midline cell identity for these neuropeptides and the neuropeptide receptors. The results revealed a surprising level of diversity. Neuropeptide genes are expressed in a variety of midline cell types, including motoneurons, GABAergic interneurons, and midline glia. These data revealed previously unknown functional differences among the highly-related iVUM neurons. There also exist segmental differences in expression for the same neuronal sub-type. Similar experiments on midline-expressed neuropeptide receptor genes reveal considerable diversity in synaptic inputs. Multiple receptor types were expressed in midline interneurons and motoneurons, and, in one case, link feeding behavior to gut peristalsis and locomotion. There were also segmental differences, variations between the 3 iVUMs, and three hormone receptor genes were broadly expressed in most midline cells. The Drosophila Castor transcription factor is present at high levels in iVUM5, which is both GABAergic and expresses the short neuropeptide F precursor gene. Genetic and misexpression experiments indicated that castor specifically controls expression of the short neuropeptide F precursor gene, but does not affect iVUM cell fate or expression of Gad1. This indicates a novel function for castor in regulating neuropeptide gene expression. Overall design: To study the development and differentiation of the CNS midline cells of Drosophila melanogaster on a genome-wide scale, these cells were labeled with GFP using the GAL/UAS system and FACS purified at 2 ermbryonic time-points; 6-8 hours and 14-16 hours after egg laying. Poly(A) mRNA was collected from these samples and cDNA libraries were generated. Sequencing was performed on 6 independent samples: Two FACS purified CNS-midline cell samples and one non-midline sample taken from 6-8 hours After Egg Laying (AEL) embryos and from 14-16 hours AEL embryos.
Transcriptome analysis of Drosophila CNS midline cells reveals diverse peptidergic properties and a role for castor in neuronal differentiation.
Specimen part, Subject, Time
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Research resource: progesterone receptor targetome underlying mammary gland branching morphogenesis.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesProgesterone (P) acting through its cognate nuclear receptors (PRs) plays an essential role in driving pregnancy-associated branching morphogenesis of the mammary gland. However, the fundamental mechanisms, including global cistromic and acute genomic transcriptional responses that are required to elicit active branching morphogenesis in response to P, have not been elucidated. We used microarray analysis to identify global gene expression signatures that are acutely regulated by PRs in the mouse mammary gland after acute P treatment.
Research resource: progesterone receptor targetome underlying mammary gland branching morphogenesis.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesIn our early study (PMID: 21939527), we have created a ClinicoMolecular Triad Classification (CMTC) to improve prediction and prognostication of breast cancer by using a training cohort contained 161 breast cancer patients (2003 to 2008). Here, a supplemental internal validation cohort contained 340 breast cancer patients was collected (2008 to 2010) for development of the CMTC.
Validation of the prognostic gene portfolio, ClinicoMolecular Triad Classification, using an independent prospective breast cancer cohort and external patient populations.
Age, Disease stage
View SamplesThe transition between pregnancy and lactation is a major physiological change that dairy cows must contend with. Complex systemic and local processes involving gluconeogenesis, energy balance, utilisation of body reserves, insulin resistance and involution of the uterus can have an effect on animal health and farm profitability. Here we used an established Holstein cow model of fertility that displayed genetic and phenotypic divergence in calving interval, a trait used to define reproductive performance using a national breeding index in Ireland. Cows had similar genetic merit for milk production traits, but either very good genetic merit for fertility (‘Fert+’; n = 8) or very poor genetic merit for fertility (‘Fert-‘; n = 8). We investigated three distinct time-points, late pregnancy, early lactation and mid lactation (-18, 1 and 147 days on average with day 0 being birth), using RNA sequencing from both liver and muscle tissue biopsies and conducting a differential expression (DE) analysis. We found 807 and 815 unique genes to be DE in at least one time-point in liver and muscle respectively, of which 79% and 83% were only found in a single time-point; 40 and 41 genes were found DE at every time-point indicating possibly systemic or chronic dysregulation. Functional annotation resulted in evidence for two major physiological processes: immune and inflammation, and metabolic, lipid and carbohydrate-binding. These processes indicate areas of previous interest as well as specific systems that appear differentially regulated, and point towards interesting avenues of further research in a broad and complex field. Overall design: 96 samples total; 8 Fert+ (''high fertility''), 8 Fert- (''low fertility''); no controls; Fert+, Fert- differential gene expression at three timepoints in two tissues
Transcriptomics of liver and muscle in Holstein cows genetically divergent for fertility highlight differences in nutrient partitioning and inflammation processes.
Specimen part, Subject, Time
View SamplesRecent work suggests that imprinted genes may regulate the signalling function of the placenta by modulating the size of the endocrine compartment. Our work provides in vivo evidence that this hypothesis is well founded.
The imprinted Phlda2 gene modulates a major endocrine compartment of the placenta to regulate placental demands for maternal resources.
Specimen part
View Samples