Microsatellite expansions often occur in non-coding regions of the genome. In this study, we test their effect on host transcript RNA processing. Overall design: RNA-seq on affected tissues and peripheral blood from control and affected patients.
Intron retention induced by microsatellite expansions as a disease biomarker.
Specimen part, Disease, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Competition between virus-derived and endogenous small RNAs regulates gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesAnalysis of the transcriptional response to viral infection in C.elegans.
Competition between virus-derived and endogenous small RNAs regulates gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe combination of Wnt pathway activation by the GSK3 inhibitor and ERK pathway inhibition by the MEK inhibitor, which is known as 2i is a well-established method to maintain mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) self-renewal. Here we show that Activin A also has the ability to promote naive pluripotency of mESCs when combined with the MEK inhibitor PD0325901. mESCs were efficiently propagated in a medium containing both Activin A and the MEK inhibitor (PD0325901). mESCs cultured in Activin+PD retained a pluripotency state that expresses high levels of naive pluripotency-related transcription factors and is able to differentiate into three germ layers under appropriate conditions. They also showed naive pluripotency features, including the preferential usage of the Oct4 distal enhancer and the self-renewal response to Wnt pathway activation. Our finding provides another way to maintain the naive pluripotency state and reveals a role of Activin/Nodal/TGF- signaling in stabilizing self-renewal gene regulatory networks in mESCs.
Activin A in combination with ERK1/2 MAPK pathway inhibition sustains propagation of mouse embryonic stem cells.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesAttempt to identify small non-coding RNAs that change in levels as a result of viral infection of C.elegans Overall design: Small non-coding RNA (18-30nt) was extracted from animals either infected with Orsay virus or uninfected as indicated.
Competition between virus-derived and endogenous small RNAs regulates gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Cell line, Subject
View SamplesThe discreteness of cell fates is an inherent and fundamental feature of multicellular organisms. Here we show that cross-antagonistic mechanisms of actions of MyoD and PPARg, which are the master regulators of muscle and adipose differentiation, respectively, confer the robustness to the integrity of cell differentiation. Simultaneous expression of MyoD and PPARg in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells led to the generation of a mixture of multinucleated myotubes and lipid-filled adipocytes. Interestingly, hybrid cells, i.e., lipid-filled myotubes, were not generated, suggesting that these differentiation programs are mutually exclusive. Mechanistically, while exogenously expressed MyoD was rapidly degraded in adipocytes through ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, exogenously expressed PPARg was not down-regulated in myotubes. In PPARg-expressing myotubes, PPARg-dependent histone hyperacetylation was inhibited in a subset of adipogenic gene loci, including that of C/EBPa, an essential effector of PPARg. Thus, the cross-repressive interactions between MyoD- and PPARg-induced differentiation programs ensure the discrete cell fate decisions.
Antagonism between the master regulators of differentiation ensures the discreteness and robustness of cell fates.
Cell line, Treatment
View SamplesThe transition in developmental control from maternal to zygotic gene products marks a critical step in early embryogenesis. Here, we use GRO-seq analysis to map the genome-wide RNA polymerase distribution during the Drosophila maternal to zygotic transition. This analysis unambiguously identifies the zygotic transcriptome, and provides insight into its mechanisms of regulation. Overall design: Two replicates of GRO-seq at each time point.
Extensive polymerase pausing during Drosophila axis patterning enables high-level and pliable transcription.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject, Time
View SamplesYeast cells were grown up in SD media containing all required amino acids. Each strain set was performed in triplicate. One set had no changes, the second set had 1mM methionine supplenting the media for the duration of growth and the third set was exposed to 0.5mM hydrogen peroxide for 15 minutes prior to harvesting
Gcn4 is required for the response to peroxide stress in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Compound
View SamplesThe ERK family of MAP kinase plays a critical role in growth factor-stimulated cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase. But, how sustained activation of ERK promotes G1 progression has remained unclear. Here, our systematic analysis on the temporal program of ERK-dependent gene expression shows that sustained activation of ERK is required for induction and maintenance of the decreased expression levels of a set of genes. Moreover, our cell biological analysis reveals that these ERK-dependent downregulated genes have the ability to block S phase entry. Cessation of ERK activation at mid or late G1 leads to a rapid increase of these anti-proliferative genes and results in the inhibition of S phase entry. These findings uncover an important mechanism by which the duration of ERK activation regulates cell cycle progression through dynamic changes in gene expression, and identify novel ERK target genes crucial for the regulation of cell cycle progression.
Continuous ERK activation downregulates antiproliferative genes throughout G1 phase to allow cell-cycle progression.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThe signaling molecule retinoic acid (RA) regulates rod and cone photoreceptor fate, differentiation, and survival. The purpose of this study was to identify eye-specific genes controlled by RA during photoreceptor differentiation in the zebrafish.
Retinoic Acid Signaling Regulates Differential Expression of the Tandemly-Duplicated Long Wavelength-Sensitive Cone Opsin Genes in Zebrafish.
Specimen part
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