Gene expression profiling of 6 acute hepatitis C patients

Approximately 50% of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) have a sustained virologic response (SVR) to treatment with pegylated interferon (pegINF)- and ribavirin. Non-response to treatment is associated with constitutively increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the liver. Treatment of patients with acute hepatitis C (AHC) is more effective, with SVR rates >90%. We investigated mechanisms of the different responses of patients with CHC and AHC to pegIFN- therapy. We analyzed IFN signaling and ISG expression in liver samples from patients with acute hepatitis C (AHC), patients with chronic hepatitis (CHC), and individuals without hepatitis C (controls) using microarray, immunohistochemical, and protein analyses. Findings were compared with those from primary human hepatocytes stimulated with IFN- or IFN-, as reference sets. Expression levels of 100s of genes, primarily those regulated by IFN-, were altered in liver samples from patients with AHC compared with controls. Expression of IFN-stimulated genes was induced in liver samples from patients with AHC, whereas expression of IFN-stimulated genes was induced in samples from patients with CHC. In an expression analysis of negative regulators of IFN- signaling, we did not observe differences in expression of SOCS1 or SOCS3 between liver samples from patients with AHC and those with CHC. However, USP18 (another negative regulator of IFN- signaling), was upregulated in liver samples of patients with CHC that did not respond to therapy, but not in AHC. In conclusion, differences in expression of ISGs might account for the greater response of patients with AHC, compared to those with CHC, to treatment with pegINF- and ribavirin. Specifically, USP18 is upregulated in liver samples of patients with CHC that do not respond to therapy, but not in patients with AHC.

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Dill MT, Makowska Z, Duong FHT, Merkofer F, Filipowicz M, Baumert TF, Tornillo L, Terracciano L, Heim MH